[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":705},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/building-a-gitlab-ci-cd-pipeline-for-a-monorepo-the-easy-way/":3,"navigation-en-us":35,"banner-en-us":451,"footer-en-us":466,"Sam Morris":677,"next-steps-en-us":690},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":25,"_id":28,"_type":29,"title":30,"_source":31,"_file":32,"_stem":33,"_extension":34},"/en-us/blog/building-a-gitlab-ci-cd-pipeline-for-a-monorepo-the-easy-way","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"Building a GitLab CI/CD pipeline for a monorepo the easy way","Learn how to create a GitLab CI/CD pipeline for a monorepo to host multiple applications in one repository.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749660151/Blog/Hero%20Images/blog-image-template-1800x945__26_.png","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/building-a-gitlab-ci-cd-pipeline-for-a-monorepo-the-easy-way","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"Building a GitLab CI/CD pipeline for a monorepo the easy way\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Sam Morris\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2024-07-30\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21,"tags":22},[18],"Sam Morris","2024-07-30","Monorepos allow you to host multiple applications’ code in a single repository. In GitLab, that involves placing disparate application source code in separate directories in one project. While this strategy allows for version controlled storage of your code, it was tricky leveraging the full power of GitLab’s [CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/topics/ci-cd/) pipeline capabilities… until now!\n\n## The ideal case: CI/CD in a monorepo\n\nSince you have more than one application’s code living in your repository, you will want to have more than one pipeline configuration. For example, if you have a .NET application and a Spring application in one project, each application may have different build and test jobs to complete. Ideally, you can completely decouple the pipelines and only run each pipeline based on changes to that specific application’s source code.\n\nThe technical approach for this would be to have a project-level `.gitlab-ci.yml` pipeline configuration file that includes a specific YAML file based on changes in a certain directory. The `.gitlab-ci.yml` pipeline serves as the control plane that triggers the appropriate pipeline based on the changes made to the code.\n\n## The legacy approach\n\nPrior to GitLab 16.4, we were not able to include a YAML file based on changes to a directory or file in a project. However, we could accomplish this functionality via a workaround. \n\nIn our monorepo project, we have two directories for different applications. In this example, there are `java` and `python` directories representing a Java and Python app, respectively. Each directory has an application-specific YAML file to build each app. In the project’s pipeline file, we simply include both application pipeline files, and do the logic handling in those files directly.\n\n`.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - deploy\n\ntop-level-job:\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Hello world...\"\n\ninclude:\n  - local: '/java/j.gitlab-ci.yml'\n  - local: '/python/py.gitlab-ci.yml'\n\n```\n\nIn each application-specific pipeline file, we create a hidden job named .java-common or .python-common that only runs if there are changes to that app’s directory. [Hidden jobs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/jobs/#hide-jobs) do not run by default, and are often utilized to reuse specific job configurations. Each pipeline extends that hidden job to inherit the rules defining which files to watch for changes, which would then initiate the pipeline job. \n\n`j.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - deploy\n\n.java-common:\n  rules:\n    - changes:\n      - '../java/*'\n\njava-build-job:\n  extends: .java-common\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Building Java\"\n\njava-test-job:\n  extends: .java-common\n  stage: test\n  script:\n    - echo \"Testing Java\"\n\n```\n\n`py.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - deploy\n\n.python-common:\n  rules:\n    - changes:\n      - '../python/*'\n\npython-build-job:\n  extends: .python-common\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Building Python\"\n\npython-test-job:\n  extends: .python-common\n  stage: test\n  script:\n    - echo \"Testing Python\"\n\n```\n\nThere are some downsides to this, including having to extend the job for each other job in the YAML file to ensure it complies with the rules, creating a lot of redundant code and room for human error. Additionally, extended jobs cannot have duplicate keys, so you could not define your own `rules` logic in each job since there would be a collision in the keys and their [values are not merged](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/index.html#extends). \n\nThis results in a pipeline running that includes the j.gitlab-ci.yml jobs when `java/` is updated, and py.gitlab-ci.yml when `python/` is updated. \n\n## The new approach: Conditionally include pipeline files\n\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\u003Cfigure class=\"video_container\">\n  \u003Ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6phvk8jioAo?si=y6ztZODvUtM-cHmZ\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"> \u003C/iframe>\n\u003C/figure>\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\nIn GitLab 16.4, we introduced [`include` with `rules:changes` for pipelines](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/includes.html#include-with-ruleschanges). Previously, you could `include` with `rules:if`, but not `rules:changes` making this update extremely powerful. Now, you can simply use the `include` keyword and define the monorepo rules in your project pipeline configuration. \n\nNew `.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n\ntop-level-job:\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Hello world...\"\n\ninclude:\n  - local: '/java/j.gitlab-ci.yml'\n    rules:\n      - changes:\n        - 'java/*'\n  - local: '/python/py.gitlab-ci.yml'\n    rules:\n      - changes:\n        - 'python/*'\n\n```\n\nThen each application’s YAML can just focus on building and testing that application’s code, without extending a hidden job repeatedly. This allows for more flexibility in job definitions and reduces code rewriting for engineers.\n\nNew `j.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - deploy\n\njava-build-job:\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Building Java\"\n\njava-test-job:\n  stage: test\n  script:\n    - echo \"Testing Java\"\n\n```\n\nNew `py.gitlab-ci.yml`:\n```\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - deploy\n\npython-build-job:\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - echo \"Building Python\"\n\npython-test-job:\n  stage: test\n  script:\n    - echo \"Testing Python\"\n\n```\n\nThis accomplishes the same task of including the Java and Python jobs only when their directories are modified. Something to consider in your implementation is that [jobs can run unexpectedly when using `changes`](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/jobs/job_troubleshooting.html#jobs-or-pipelines-run-unexpectedly-when-using-changes). The changes rule always evaluates to true when pushing a new branch or a new tag to GitLab, so all jobs included will run upon first push to a branch regardless of the `rules:changes` definition. You can mitigate this experience by creating your feature branch first and then opening a merge request to begin your development, since the first push to the branch when it is created will force all jobs to run.\n\nUltimately, monorepos are a strategy that can be used with GitLab and CI/CD, and, with our new `include` with `rules:changes` feature, we have a better best practice for using GitLab CI with monorepos. To get started with monorepos, take out a free Gitlab Ultimate trial today.\n\n## More CI/CD resources\n\n* [5 tips for managing monorepos in GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/tips-for-managing-monorepos-in-gitlab/)\n* [How to learn CI/CD fast](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/how-to-learn-ci-cd-fast/)","engineering",[23,24],"CI/CD","tutorial",{"slug":26,"featured":6,"template":27},"building-a-gitlab-ci-cd-pipeline-for-a-monorepo-the-easy-way","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:building-a-gitlab-ci-cd-pipeline-for-a-monorepo-the-easy-way.yml","yaml","Building A Gitlab Ci Cd Pipeline For A Monorepo The Easy 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