[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":704},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/keeping-your-code-protected/":3,"navigation-en-us":32,"banner-en-us":449,"footer-en-us":464,"Job van der Voort":675,"next-steps-en-us":689},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":22,"_id":25,"_type":26,"title":27,"_source":28,"_file":29,"_stem":30,"_extension":31},"/en-us/blog/keeping-your-code-protected","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"How GitLab Permissions and Protected Branches Keep Your Code Safe","At GitLab we believe that by preventing force pushes and by stimulating code review practices, mistakes can be easily avoided and code quality will improve.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749684249/Blog/Hero%20Images/how-permissions-and-protected-branches-keep-your-code-safe.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/keeping-your-code-protected","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"How GitLab Permissions and Protected Branches Keep Your Code Safe\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Job van der Voort\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2014-11-26\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21},[18],"Job van der Voort","2014-11-26","\n\nGit is very easy to use and abuse.\nA single `git push --force` command can easily ruin the day for a lot of people:\n\n> As a result, these [186 Jenkins'] repositories have their branch heads rewinded to point to older commits, and in effect the newer commits were misplaced after the bad git-push.\n\nOn November 10, 2013, a Jenkins developer had [accidentally forced pushed](http://jenkins-ci.org/content/summary-report-git-repository-disruption-incident-nov-10th) to 186 repositories,\nbringing them back two months in time.\n\nThe power that Git gives you to change history is great when you're working alone,\nbut potentially disrupting if you're working with others, as shown by a poor Jenkins developer.\nWhen you're working with others, not only do you not want to allow `git push --force`,\nbut before anything is committed to the main repository or branch, the **code should be reviewed**.\n\nAt GitLab we believe that by preventing force pushes and by stimulating [code review](/solutions/source-code-management/) practices,\nmistakes can be easily avoided and code quality will improve.\nTo make it easier to work together with code and Git we have created a surprisingly simple permission system,\nbuilt on top of an elegant authorization method.\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n## Read, Write\n\nPermissions in GitLab are fundamentally defined around the idea of having read or write permission to the repository and branches.\nNot only is this an easy-to-grasp concept, it doesn't add any unnecessary complexity to permission management while still offering granular access control.\nBy naming our permissions after their role within a project, it immediately becomes clear what each permission is intended for. **In GitLab, developers are called _Developer_**.\n\n\nIn our experience, this covers almost all cases and can be fitted to any organisation easily.\n\n- Guest     - No access to code\n- Reporter  - Read the repository\n- Developer - Read/Write to the repository\n- Maintainer - Read/Write to the repository + partial administrative capabilities\n- Owner     - Read/Write to the repository + full administrative capabilities\n\nThe permissions are named to reflect their purpose. A user with the lowest private permission _Guest_\nis only able to make use of the issues in a project and does not have read access to the code;\na guest of the project.\n\nThe _Reporter_ permission has the same abilities, but also has read access to the code,\nmeaning they can fork the project.\nThis is ideal for those that you do not want to be pushing to your repository,\nbut still want to give access to the code and give the option to fork off.\n\nAs the name implies, developers on a project should get the role _Developer_.\nAny developer has write permission to the repository, meaning they can branch off,\nwork in and push their own branch back to the repository.\n\nBy defining permission on a read/write basis with clear names,\nit quickly becomes clear which permission or access level should be used to secure a project.\nHowever, they do not solve the issues with modifying history,\nnor do they help with collaboration: anyone can (force) push to any branch (such as the master or default branch).\n\n## Protecting your code with protected branches\n\n\nTo stop people from messing with history or pushing code without review, we've created **protected branches** to add a layer of branch protection. A protected branch does three simple things:\n\n- it prevents pushes from everybody except users with Maintainer permission\n- it prevents _anyone_ from force pushing to the branch\n- it prevents _anyone_ from deleting the branch\n\nYou can make any branch a protected branch. We make the master branch a protected branch by default, but you can turn that off.\n\n[![protected branches in GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/images/protected_branches.png)](/images/protected_branches.png)\n\n***We use protected branches on the [GitLab repository](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce) to protect our release branches***\n\nNow, if you want to contribute code to a protected branch as a developer, you can simply push your feature branch and **create a merge request** towards the protected branch. History is protected and the code gets reviewed before it's merged.\n\nNote that even _Maintainer_ is not able to force push to or delete a protected branch. We believe in a simple solution:\n\n> Do not let anyone change the history of a shared branch. Revert changes in the present.\n\nYou can easily add a commit on top of history to revert earlier changes.\nThis is much easier to work with than changes in history on top of which people already committed.\nIn addition, you probably do not want to delete such an important branch, hence the inability to remove it.\n\n\n## How we define permissions\n\nBy basing permissions on simple principles and adding protected branches,\nGitLab allows you to set up any type of workflow, while protecting your code from easily made mistakes.\nUnderlying this elegant scheme is a surprisingly simple authorization gem,\n[Six](https://gitlab.com/dzaporozhets/six).\n\nIn a single class `Ability`, we have defined a number of class methods to set the permissions.\nFor instance, for _Developer_:\n\n```\n# app/models/ability.rb:139\ndef project_dev_rules\n  project_report_rules + [\n    :write_merge_request,\n    :write_wiki,\n    :modify_issue,\n    :admin_issue,\n    :admin_label,\n    :push_code\n  ]\nend\n```\nSix has defined an `allowed?` method that check whether a permission exists for a certain object,\nbased on the abilities that you've defined for that class (such as above for _Developer_).\nTo make use of a similar syntax as the often-used [Cancan](https://github.com/ryanb/cancan) authorization gem, you can define a similar method with Six:\n\n```\n# app/models/user.rb:351\ndef can?(object, action, subject)\n  abilities.allowed?(object, action, subject)\nend\n```\n\nThen all we have to do is check the permission wherever we need it.\nFor instance to check whether someone is allowed to destroy a snippet:\n\n```\ndef destroy\n  return access_denied! unless can?(current_user, :admin_personal_snippet, @snippet)\n  @snippet.destroy\n  redirect_to snippets_path\nend\n```\n\nBy using the plain-ruby approach of [Six](https://gitlab.com/dzaporozhets/six) you get a very flexible\nand expendable authorization solution.\nIn GitLab we leverage this to create easy to understand permissions\nthat reflect how most organisations use GitLab.\n\n## About GitLab\n\nInterested in trying GitLab's protected branches?\nYou can try GitLab by [downloading](/install/) the Community Edition and installing it on your own server or by signing up to our free, unlimited GitLab instance [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com/users/sign_up).\n\nFor support, deep LDAP integration, git hooks, Jenkins integration and more enterprise features, check out [GitLab Enterprise Edition](/pricing/feature-comparison/).\n\nFor more on Git workflows, read our article on [GitLab Flow](/topics/version-control/what-is-gitlab-flow/).\n","insights",{"slug":23,"featured":6,"template":24},"keeping-your-code-protected","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:keeping-your-code-protected.yml","yaml","Keeping Your Code 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